Camera



Nov. 4, 1941. M. ANNICK 2,261,205

CAMERA Filed NOV. 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR MICHAEL ANNICK /M, M 9- M TTORNEYS M. ANNICK Nov. 4, 1941.

CAMERA 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 25, 1958 b INVENTOR MICHAEL ANNCK ATTORN Y6 M. ANNICK Nov. 4, 1941.

CAMERM Filed Nov. 25, 1958 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR MICHAEL ANNICK ATTORNEYd' M. ANNICK Nov. 4, 1941.

CAMERA INVENTOR MICHAEL ANNlCK BY W, M m

ATTORNEYS M. ANNICK Nov. 4, 1941.

CAMERA 5 Sheets-Sheei- 5 Filed Nov. 25, 1938 INVENTOR.

MlCHAEk ANNICK w M kw.

ATTORNEYS Patented Nov. 4, 1941 CAMERA Michael Annick, Rutherford, N. 1., assignor to General Printing Ink Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application November 25, 1938, Serial No. 242,135

12 Claims.

My invention relates to cameras adapted particularly for high-speed, precision operation.

My invention has further reference to novel focusing arrangements for cameras and, still further, my invention relates to novel camera con- I trol systems and to automatic arrangements for varyin the camera diaphragm opening in an advantageous manner.

Various other objects, advantages and features of my invention will become apparent from the following detailed description. v

For an understanding of my invention and for an illustration of one of the forms thereof, reference is to be had to the accompanyingdrawings, in which: I

Figure l is a perspective view showing the camera of my invention; I

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view, partly in elevation, of the camera shown in Fig. 1';

Fig. 3 is an enlarged elevational view showing my novel speed-changing mechanism;

Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional view, partly in elevation, taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a diaphragm control arrangement;

Fig. 6 is an elevational view of a chart;

are the respectivelchannel members 8 and 8a to which cross members 9 are welded so as to form a rigid frame. Preferably, the top surfaces of the channel members 8, 8a are machined so as to form suitable track surfaces. Movable upon each of said track surfaces is a truck structure-comprising a pair of wheels l0, each pair of which is secured to a plate H, the plates ll being secured to opposite sides of and'forming a support for a vertical, rectangular frame i2 having its lower surface suitably secured to a transverse strut l3 which, intermediate its ends, comprises Fig. '7 is a plan view, partly diagrammatic,

showing features of my novel camera; and

Fig. 8 is an enlarged plan view, partly in section, showing features of the invention.

In Figs. 1 and 2, I have illustrated a suitable ards l, the top surface of each having suitably secured thereto, as by the bolts 2, a cushion mounting 3. At one side of the camera, a pair of these standards I and, associated cushion mountings 3 support a channel member 4 and,'at

the other side of the camera, the other pair of standards I and associated cushion mountings 3 support a similar channel member 4a. the channel members 4 and 4a being disposed and maintained in parallel relation by end members 5 which are welded or otherwise suitably secured to the respective channel members 4, 4a. As indicated in Fig. 2, each of the aforesaid channel members 4, 4a carries a horizontal track member 8, the track members 6 being disposed in parallel relation and suitably secured to the respective channel members 4, 4a by bolts 1, or equivalent.

Bolted or otherwise suitably secured to the upper surfaces of the channel members 4 and 4a g, the frame I: is movable, comprises a depending section Ilia having an internally threaded pas y a dependingsection l3a having an internally. threaded passage extending horizontally therethrough.

One end of a bellows structure [4 is secured in suitable manner to the aforesaid movable frame l2, the other end of said bellows structure: ll being suitably secured to .an open rectangular frame opaque walls II, it! and 18, the wall is being disposed closely adjacent and substantially parallel with respect to the front wall of the camera box l6, said wall l9 being provided with an aperture corresponding in configuration substantially with the border of the camera box 16 and suitable light-trapping members 20 being used to prevent the passage of light through the relatively narrow space existing between the-wall I9 and the camera box l6.

As hereinafter more fully described, the aforesaid frame I! serves indirectly as a support for the objective lensLi of the camera. Therefore, in order to move this objective lensto various focusing positions as desired, it is necessary to impart movement to.said frame II. This, in accordance with the invention, is accomplished in a novel manner.

As hereinbefore stated, the strut IS, with which sage, this passage, as shown in Fig. 2, receiving an externally threaded shaft 2| having one end rotatably supported in a suitable bearing formed in the adjacent cross member 9, the end fof the shaft 2! which is thus supported comprising a flanged section 2; which coactis with/Adiacent surfaces of the bearing to'prevent endwise movement of the shaft. The other endjofthe shaft 2| is suitably connected, as by a key-and-slot connection 22, Fig. 4, to a shaft 23 which is rotherewith agear wheel 21 which mesheswith a 7 gear wheel 28, Fig. 3, rotatable on an axle 23 which is supported bya boss, not shown, projecting laterally from the wall 23a of the aforesaid housing 25. The gear wheel 23 meshes with a gear wheel, 33 supported on an axle 3| carried by a boss which projectslaterally from said housing wall 25a. The gear wheel 33 meshes with a gear wheel 33 secured to and rotatable with a shaft 34 journaled at one end in a boss 35 projecting laterally from said wall 25a. The shaft 34, adjacent its other end, is disposed within the hub 36a of a wheel L having an actuating crank handle 31, the center of said wheel L coinciding with the center of the shaft 34 and the wheel' hub 36a being slidable axially with respect to the shaft 34. The wheel hub 36a is iournaled in a bearing 25b of the housing 25, said wheel hub 36a being slidable in this bearing in a direction axially of the shaft 34. The shaft 34, at its ex-l treme end adjacent the wheel L has pinned or otherwise suitably secured thereto a collar 39 which comprises a tongue 38a extending parallel with the shaft 34and adapted to engage, in clutching relation, within a groove 36b formed in the adjacent hub section of said wheel L.

The hereinbefore described hub 38a of the wheel L comprises a groove 36c within whichis adapted to engage a tongue 39a of a sleeve 39 loosely mounted onthe shaft 34 and restrained from movement toward the left, Fig. 4, by a collar 36 pinned to said shaft 34. The sleeve 39 has secured thereto for rotatable movement therewith a gear wheel 40 which meshes with a gear wheel 4| freely rotatable on an axle 42 supported by a boss 43 projecting laterally from the housing ,wall 25a. The gear wheel 4| is secured, for rotatable movement therewith as a unit, to a gear wheel 44 loosely mounted on said axle 42, said gear wheel 44 meshing with a gear wheel 45 loosely mounted ori the aforesaid shaft 34.

The gear wheel 45 is secured. for rotatable 'movesaid shaft 2| which, if desired and as shown in Fig. 4, may have a bearing surface in the adjacent housing surface.

With the wheel L positioned as shown in Fig. 4, the tongue 38a of the collar 38 is in engagement with the wheel groove 36b and the sleeve tongue 39a is disengaged from the wheel groove 360. Accordingly, when the operator rotates the wheel L in a selected direction, the shaft 34 is rotated to thereby rotate the gear wheel 33 from which power is delivered to the gear wheels 30, 28, 21 in succession. As a result, rota'tive movement is imparted to the shaft 2| and the latter, by reason of the threaded connection to the strut I3, effects movement in the desired direction of the frame I 2. The latter serves as the support for the hereinafter described objective lens and, accordingly, the latter is thus moved at least approximately into proper focusing position. In connection with the operation described immediatebuabove, it will be understood thatthe described rotation of the gear wheel 33 eflects rotaoperator rotates the wheel L in tion of the sleeve 39 through the train of gear units shown in Fig. 4. At this time, however, the sleeve 39 merely idles on the shaft 34.

The ratios of th gear wheels described immediately above are such that the described rotation of the wheel L effects rotation of the shaft 2| at relatively high speed. When it is desired to rotate th shaft 2| at relatively low speedin order to precisely position the objective lens in its desired focusing position, the operator moves the wheel L axially of the shaft 34 to thereby disengage the tongue 38a from the wheel groove 33b and to effect engagement of the tongue 390 with the wheel groove 36c. Thereafter, when the a selected direction, the sleeve 39 is rotated to thereby rotate the gear wheel 40, the gear wheels 4| and 44 as a unit, the gear wheels and 46 as a unit, the gear wheels 41 and 43 as a unit, and then the hereinbefore described gear wheel 33 from which power is delivered to the shaft 2| by way of the mechanical connection previously described. The

; ratio of the gear wheels included in the last described train of gears is such that the described rotation of the wheel L effects rotation of the shaft 2| at relatively low speed and, accordingly.

ment therewith as a unit, to a gear wheel 46 p which, likewise, is loosely mounted on said shaft 34, said gear wheel 46 meshing with a gear wheel 41 loosely mounted on the aforesaid axle 42. The gear wheel 41 is secured, for rotatable movement therewith as a unit, to a gear wheel 43 which, likewise, is loosely mounted on the-axle 42, the gear wheel 48 meshing with the hereinbefore described gear h1g1 33.

For convenience of assembly, the-casing 23 may be formed from a plurality of casing sections which, as shown in Fig. 4, are bolted or otherwise suitably secured. together. The vertical wall of the rear casing section may have a pointer or indicating member 53 suitably secured thereto, as by the screws 5| the operative section of this indicating member 59 coacting with a scale formed j onthe peripheral surface of a circular band 32 *which, by screws53, or

equivalent, is secured in the aforesaid wheel L..

herein shown, the upper surface of the outer casing screws, a counter mechanism 3!, the operating shaft which is connected bya ke'y-ahd-slot connection 51 with the adjacent end-of the aforerespective grooves.

it becomes practical to precisely position the objective lens in its desired focusing position.

'When the objective lens has thus been properly positioned, the operator may move the wheel L to an intermediate position wherein both of the tongues 33a and 39 are disengaged from their When this has been done, the objective lens is locked in its intended position and may not be moved therefrom even though the wheel L should be rotated.

Preferably, the top surfaces of the hereinbefore described track members 3 are machined for the reception of the respective truck structures shown in Figs. 1 and 7, each of these truck structures comprising a pair of wheels 33, each pair of said wheels 53. being secured to a plate I9 and the, plates "being suitably secured to a cross member 33 which serves as a support for a copy board CI disposed in a yertical plane. The cross bar 39, intermediate its ends, comprises a depending section 33a having an internally extending horizontally therethrough. Extending horizontally and longitudinally throughout. the

section has-secured thereto, as by the length of the machine is an externally threaded shaft 3| which is in threaded engagement with the threads of said passage in the section 330.

Except in length, the shaft-"3| is a duplicate threaded passage the shaft 84 is a flexible shaft 88 which is conof the hereinbefore described shaft 2i and this shaft -8I may be mounteddn the same manner as previously described with respect to said shaft 2|. The shaft 8i, when rotated, serves to adjust the position of the copy board CI in the same sense and in the same manner as rotation of the shaft 2i serves to adjust the position of the objective lens Li. In accordance with the invention, the shaft 8| is rotated by a wheel C, Fig. 1,

which is a duplicate, both structurally and functionally, of the aforesaid wheel L. Moreover, there intervenes between the wheel C and the shaft 8| a speed-changing mechanism which is -a duplicate of the speed-changing mechanism intervening between the wheel L and the shaft 2| as hereinbefore described in detail and as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. Inasmuch as these speedchanging mechanisms are of duplicate character, the description of one hereinbefore stated will suffice for the other.

As well understood in the art, the copy board CI is adapted to have suitably attached thereto a member, not shown, carrying a representation of which an image is to be formed on the sensitized surface of the camera.

As shown in Fig. '7, a plurality of suitably supported electric lamps 82, 52 are indicated as operatively positioned to cast light upon the aforesaid representation-carrying member. One

set of corresponding terminals of the lamps 52 are connected by a conductor 88 while the other set of corresponding terminals of said lamps 82 are connected by a conductor 54, the conductor 58 including the spaced switch contacts 88a, 88b and then extending to one terminal of asuitable source of current, and the conductor 54 extending to the other terminal of said source of current.

The switch contacts 58a, 881) are adapted to be closed by a suitable switch member 85 having an actuating button 58, this switch member being biased in suitable manner, as by spring-action, toward circuit-opening position.

Connected to the conductor 54 is a conductor 81 which leads to one terminal of an electro- -magnetic winding 88, Figs. 1 and 8, the other may be secured to the aforesaid frame I2, Fig. 7; The member 18 is provided with a central aperture in which is received the barrel 1| of the camera objective lens LI, this barrel 1| being suitably secured in fixed'position, as by the plates 12, Fig. 8, which may be riveted to said member 18. Projecting from the lens barrel H is a lug 18, Fig. 5, which carries a pin 14 on which is pivoted an arm 15 having secured thereto a lens shutter 18. The end of the arm 15 opposite the lens shutter 15 has secured thereto a link 11 which is connected to the electro-magnet armature 18.

Referring to Fig. 5, I have shown conventional members 18 which form the shutter mechanism for defining the diaphragm opening ofthe objective lens LI. The shutter members 18 may be opened or closed to a desired extent by a segmental rack member 8i secured by screws .or 1

otherwise to an oscillatory ring82 rotatable on the lens barrel 1i and adapted to actuate said shutter members 18 in a conventional manner.

, Coactable with the rack member 8i is a worm gear 88 carried by a shaft 84 having bearings in a bearing. bracket 85 suitably secured to the nected to one end of a shaft 81 supported in bearings formed by a bearing bracket 88 suitably secured to a member 88 which, if desired, may be carried by the aforesaid fixed wall I8 of the dark room. The shaft 81 carries a worm gear 88 which coacts with a segmental rack member 8I suitably secured to a ring 82 oscillatory on a bearing member 88 projecting laterally from the aforesaid member. 88.

In any suitable manner, the aforesaid shaft 81 is geared to the armature of a reversible electric motor 84 having extending therefrom conductors 85, 85 and 81 forming the energizing circuits for said motor 84. As indicated, the conductor 85 includes the contacts of a limit switch 88 comprising a movableswitch member 88 adapted to be actuated by a pivoted member I88, the conductor 85 extending from said limit switch 88 and terminating ina fixed contact member 85a. The conductor 81 includes the contacts of a limit switch I8I comprising a movable switch member I82 adapted to be actuated by a pivoted member I88, the conductor 81 extending fromsaid limit switch I8I and terminating in a fixed contact member 81a. The hereinbefore described conductor 86 leads to one terminal of a suitable source of current, the other terminal of which has connected thereto a conductor I84 leading to the respective fixed contacts MM and l84b. Coactable with the contacts 81a, M411, is a switch member I85 carrying an actuating button I88, the switch member I85 being biased toward circuit-opening position, as by a spring, or equivalent. Coactable with the fixed contacts 85a, I84b is a switch member I81 carrying an actuating button I88, the switch member I81, the same as the switch member I88, being suitably biased toward circuit-opening position.r

Suitably secured to theabove described ring 82,. is a pointer II8 coactable with scales 8, sl s1 formed on a member III suitably secured in fixed position, for example, to the aforesaid member 88. As hereinafter described, the scales s, sl, etc. are utilized by the operator for automatically selecting proper diaphragm openings as defined by the shutter members 18.

, Referring to Fig.1, access to the hereinbefore described camera box l8 may be had by a door H5 which, in a conventional manner, carries the usual suction head, not shown, from which air is withdrawn by way of the conduit H8 under the control of a motor disposed in a housing II1. After the door H5 has been opened and with the suction motor operating, a sensitized memmember S may be placed against the suction openings on the interior door surface whereupon, by action of suction, said sensitized member S is thereafter held in its intended position omsaid interior door surface. Thereupon, the door II5 f may be closed and, as a result, the sensitized member S takes its normal operating position as indicated in Fig. 7. i

The hereinbefore described counter mechanisms are of a type well known to the art. Each of their! comprises. a window with respect to which three or more wheels bearing indicia 1, 2 9, 8" are movable, these-wheels, in the form of the invention herein shown, being designated as a 8.1" wheel, a unit wjheel, a ten" wheel, etc. Each'time that the 8.1" wheel rotate's through an angle of 360 degrees, the unit wheel is automatically stepped 36 degrees. Simaforesaid member 18. Connected to one end of ilarly, each time that the unit wheel rotates I concerning the ratio of enlargement or reduction through an angle of 360 degrees, the "ten" wheel is stepped 36 degrees. The arrangement is such that each circular band 52 rotates through an angle of 360 degrees each time that the associated 0.1 wheel moves through an angle of 36 degrees. Each band 52, therefore, is calibrated in "hundredths and thousandths" as regards the associated 0.1 wheel. Therefore, by observation of a counter mechanism 55 and an associated band 52, a reading may be obtained in five places on the decimal system.

In accordance with the invention, the arrangement is such that the strut I 3 and the cross bar 60 move 0.1 inch for each. single revolution of the respective 0.1 wheels of the counter mechanisms Therefore, with each counter mechanism 55 and its associated circular band 52, there may be obtained a reading on the "ten" scale, the unit scale, tenths of the unit scale, "hundredths of the unit scale, and thousandths" of the unit scale.

For each counter mechanism and associated circular band 52, it is assumed that the center of the objective lens Ll is the zero point of reference. Therefore, if the counter mechanism and associated band 52 controlled by the wheel L gives a reading of 82.261, the operator is advised that the center of the objective lens Ll is positioned a distance of 82.261 inches from the sensitized member S. Similarly, if the counter mechanism and associated band 52 controlled by the wheel C gives a reading of 70.310, the operator is advised that the center of the objective lens Li is positioned a distance of 70.31 inches from the copy board Cl.

Further in accordance with the invention, a solution is obtained of the formula d=F (r+l) wherein the unknown 41 is the distance from the center of the objective lens LI to the image plane, i. e., the surface of the sensitized member S; wherein F is the focal length of said objective lens LI; and wherein r is the ratio of enlargement or reduction between the representationcarrying member on the copy board Cl and the latent image thereof to be produced on the sensitized member S.

For the same value of the quantity r, a solution is obtained of the formula wherein the unknown d is the distance from the center of the objective lens Ll to the copy plane, i. e., the surface of the copy board CI; wherein F is said focal length of said objective lens Li; and wherein r is said ratio of enlargement or reduction between the representation-carrying member on the copy board Cl and the latent image thereof to be produced on the sensitized member S.

The solution of the two formulas noted above "gives two values for the distance d, (l) the diswhich is to be effected with respect to a representation-carrying member or object to be attached to the copy board C. In other words, the operator, with knowledge of the quantity r, consults his table and then sets'the two counter mechanisms in accordance with the values of the distances d opposite the assigned value r. This may be accomplished in a relatively simple manner and, when done, the operator may rest assured that the camera is exactly focused and that the image to be produced on the sensitized member M will have exactly the desired dimensions. Therefore, in accordance with my invention, it is unnecessary to use a ground glass for focusing purposes and, likewise, it is unnecessary to measure the image on such ground glass in order to obtain a desired degree of reduction or enlargement.

Accordingly, in view of the foregoing, it follows that the camera of my invention is susceptible of accurate operation and this arises particularly by reason of the fact that it is necessary only to consult a previously prepared table when fixing the position of the objective lens and the copy board.

It will be understood that the table noted above may be constructed otherwise than as herein stated. Thus, a constant may be added to each value of the distance d and the counter mechanisms set accordingly. Or, for example, the distances d may be set forth in each instance as the distance from the sensitized member 8 to the objective lens, and from said sensitized member S to the copy board C.

After the objective lens LI and the copy board Cl have been positioned in proper focusing relation as described above, the operator presses the button 66 to thereby move the switch member 65 into engagement with the adjacent contact members 63a, 64a and close the circuit through the winding 68 and the lamps 62. While the winding ll remains deenergized, the shutter 16 is in its lowermost position wherein it entirely closes the light path through the objective lens Ll. When said winding I is energized, the armature ll thereof is attracted to thereby move the shutter 16 in a counter-clockwise direction, Flg. 5, to and through the position thereof shown in said Fig. 5, the shutter position last noted being merely a transition position and not a stationary shutter position.

Simultaneously as the shutter 16 is thu moved to position opening the light path. th lamps 02 are energized to thereby illuminate the object on the copy board Cl from which a Pr j light beam is passed through the objective lens Ll t0the sensitized member 8. The operator holds the button I in its depressed position for as long a period as the exposure is to continue. As soon as the exposure period is completed, the button 86 is released whereupon the circuits of the winding 60 and the lamps 62 are opened. It will b understood that a suitable time switch may be utilized to hold the switch member 08 in closed circuit relation, such time switch being automatically operable after a predetermined period has elapsed to open the circuit through the lamps i2 and winding 0|.

As will be understood, in view of the description hereinbefore stated, the rings 82 and I! are moved simultaneously under the control of the motor 94 by power transmitted along the described mechanical connection which is shown in Fig. 5. The ring 02 carries a pointer which 66, effects the high ,light" exposure.

coacts with a scale 51 of thechart III. The arrangement is such that, when the pointer H is in indicating position with respect to fil, the

- diaphragm opening defined by the shutters 19 has a value 11; similarly, when said pointer H0 is in indicating position with respect to 16, the diaphragm opening defined by the shutters 19 has a value 16; and so on. I

When the operator desires to increase the dia-..

phragm opening defined by the shutter members '19, the switch, member I01, Fig. 5, isclosed on the contacts 95a, 14b to thereby close the circuit through one winding of the motor 94 and rack segments are duplicates, it follows that the rings 92 and 82 partake of equal'movements.

When the operator desires to decrease the aforesaid diaphragm opening, the switch member I01, Fig. 5, is closed on the contacts 91o, Hlla to thereby close the circuit through the"other winding of the motor 94 and thereby effect movement in a clockwise direction, Fig. 5, ofthe ring 92. Simultaneously, the ring '82 partakes of equal clockwise movement, Fig. 5. e

In the sensitized member Sis to be a line out negative, the operator, by control of the motor 94, may cause the pointer III] to move into indicating position with respect to the desired i value of the scale 81. As a result, the ring 82 so moves the shutter members 19 that they define a diaphragm opening corresponding with said 1 value. A single exposure of proper time interval completes the operation and this exposure may be effected by operation of the switch button 66 in the manner hereinbei'ore described.

If the sensitized member is to be a half tone negative and if the exposure is to be 100%, i. e.,

if the image is to be dimensionally the same as the object on the copy board C l, the operator,

by reference to his table, operates the wheels C and L to'move theobjective lens LI and copy a board Cl into proper focusing relation. Then, the operator, by proper control of the buttons I06 or I08, may cause the pointer Hll -to move into indicating position with respectto the index 100 on the scale stand, by operation of the button Thereupon, the pointer H0 may bemoved into indicating position with respect to the index 100 on the scale .95, for example, whereupon the detail" on the scale s3, for example, whereupon the flash exposure is effected.

As indicated, the scales s, sl s6 comprise various other index marks, such as index mark '70, index mark 120, etc., and it will be understood that the operator sets the pointer H0 in succession at the proper index marks when effecting the various exposures for either reductions or enlargemen as the case may be.

Although not shown on the drawings, it will be understood that the herein described camera box It comprises means for introducing into the path of the projecting light beam various screens which should be used as experience dictates when efiecting the various exposures. Further, it will be understood that, depending on experience and experiment, the operator uses the scales 8, sl $6 in various ways and relations and times the various exposures as desired in order to obtain the desired result, namely, a negative of the desired character.

, An important feature of the invention involves the relation which the operator may conveniently establish between the diaphragm openings for a set 'of high light, detail and flash exposures and the percentage reduction or enlargement of the object on the copy board Cl as the case may be. Thus, for example, if the negative is to be-80% as regards the size of said object, the various diaphragm openings should be and readily are 80% of the assumed 100% lens openings, respectively.

Referring to Fig. 6, the scale s1 is plotted, as well understood in the art, from data obtained by computing different values for f in the formula where F is a constant, 1. e., the lens focal length and D is a variable, i, e., different diameters of the lens diaphragm opening.

The scale 8 may be formed in the following manner. An arcuate line I is formed having the same center as was used in forming the arcuate line of the scale s1. Some suitable f value such, for example, as f19 is connected by a straight line extending to the aforesaid center of the arcuate line 1 and the intersection of this straight line with said arcuate line I is denoted 100. This is assumed as a 100% lens opening at f19.

'Ihemotor 94 may now be operated to move the rings 82, 92 in a clockwise direction, Fig. 5,

exposure is eflfected. Finally, the pointer H0 may be moved into indicating position with respect to the indexlOO on the scale s3,'for example, and thereafter the flash" exposure is efiected, i If the sensitized ember is to be a half tone negative and if the exposure, for example, is to be 80%, i. if the image is to have 80% of the area of the object on the copy board CI,,the operator,, by reference to his table, operates the wheels C and L to move the objective lens Ll s and copy board CI in proper focusing relation. Then, the operator may cause the pointer H0 to move into indicating'position with respect to the index 80 on the scale sl whereuponthe "high light exposure is effected. "I'hereupon, the' and this movement is continued until, by measurement eiiected thereon, the area of the diaphragm opening defined by theshutter members 18 is found to be of said assumed lens opening at fl9. At this time, with the motor non-operative, the position of the indicating side of the pointer H0 is marked on the arcuate line 1.; This gives the desired index mark 90 of the scale s. In a corresponding manner, thevarious other 100-minus index marks may be plotted on said scale s.

The other scales 8!, s3, s4, s5 and 86 may be formed in generally the same manner as described above with respect to the scale s. That a plurality of spaced arcuate lines I may be formed on the chart H, each of these lines having the samecenter as was used in forming the arcuate line of the scale s7. Thereupon, 100% lens openings for the "various scales are assumed as follows: For the scale sI-f22; for the scales s2 and s5-f32; for the scale 's3f64;'for the scale sl--f27 approximately; and for the scale 38-445. Thereafter, the various IOU-minus index marks for all of the scales last named may be established in the general manner described above with respect to the scale s.

As regards the IOO-plus index marks on the scales s, sl s6, the same procedure may be followed with respect thereto as was followed with respect to the loo-minus index marks. However, experience has demonstrated that such positioning of the loo-plus index marks does not yield entirely satisfactory results. As a result of experimentation, assuming that the chart of Fig. 6 is drawn approximately to scale, I have determined that the IOU-plus index marks as shown on said Figs. and 6 are properly positioned so that satisfactory results are obtained when setting the pointer I it by said loo-plus index marks in generally the same manner as previously described with respect to the IOU-minus index marks.

In lieu of the mechanical method described above for plotting the IOU-minus index marks for the scales s, si s6, it shall be understood that the positions of said index marks may be computed by graphical methods.

Although I have described the preferred manher of operating the camera of my invention,

to be thus limited in all respects. a

For example, if desired, the focusing operation may be effected by disposing a ground glass in the plane of the sensitized member S and thereafter proceeding in the known manner. Under such circumstances, the operator would dispense with the set of tables which accompanies the camera.

Further, it will be understood that the described system of controlling the lamps 62 and shutter 16 is not to be limited to a camera otherwise of the character herein described.

A particularly important feature of my invention resides in the fact that the various control and indicating mechanisms are grouped in the dark room for convenient operation and observation by the-operator. The focusing operation, change of diaphragm opening, control of the light path by the shutter 16 and illumination of the lamps 62 are all effected by the operator while he is in the dark room at the end of the camera containing the sensitized member 8. Excursions from the dark room are not required for ordinary operation. This, in addition to the various automatic and semi-automatic features of the invention, are features new and of distinct importance to the art.

While the invention has been described with respect to a certain particular preferred example which gives satisfactory results, it will be understood by those skilled in the art after understanding the invention, that various changes and modifications may be made without departing it shall be understood that my invention is not from the spirit and scope of the invention and it is intended therefore in the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications.

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is: I

1. In a camera, a plurality of supporting members, a copy board carried by one of said supporting members, an objective lens carried by another of said supporting members, and means for moving one of said supporting members to focusing position, said means comprising a rotatable wheel or the like, said means comprising speed-changing mechanism operative to move said last named supporting member either at high speed or low speed, the gear ratio of said speed-changin mechanism being controlled by the position of said wheel axially on its supporting shaft.

2. In a camera, a plurality of supporting members, a copy board carried by one of said supporting members, an objective lens carried by another of said supporting members, and means for moving one of said supporting member to focusing position, said means comprising a rotatable wheel or the like, said means comprising speed-changing mechanism operative to move said last named supporting member either at high speed or low speed, the gear ratio of said speed-changing mechanism being controlled by the position of said wheel axially on its supporting shaft, said wheel being adapted to occupy a position on said shaft wherein it is incapable of effecting movement of said last named supporting member.

3. In a camera, a. copy board, an objective lens, means for moving said copy board with respect to said objective lens, a device for actuating said first named means, means for moving said objective lens with respect to said copy board, a device for actuating said second named means, shutters associated with said objective lens to form a diaphragm opening, means for moving said shutters, a device for actuating said third named means, a light source for illuminating an object on said copy board, means for energizing said light source, and a device for actuating said fourth named means, all of said devices being grouped for convenient operation at the end of the camera adapted toreceive a sensi tlzed member.

4. In a camera, a copy board, an objective lens, means for moving said copy board with respect to said objective lens, a device for actuating said first named means, means for moving said objective lens with respect to said copy board, a device for actuating said second named means, shutters associatedwith said objective lens to form a diaphragm opening, means for a moving said shutters, a device for actuating said third named means, a shutter member for obstructing the light path through said objective lens, means for moving said shutter member from said path, and a device for actuating said fourth named means, all of said devices being rouped for convenient operation at the end of ghee camera adapted to receive a sensitized mem- 5. In a camera, a copy board, an objective lens, means for moving said copy board with respect to said objective lens, a device for actuating said first named means, means for moving said ob- Jective lens with respect to said copy board, a device for actuating said second named means, shutters associated with said objective lens to form a diaphragm opening, mean for moving said shutters, a device for actuating said third named means, a shutter member for obstructing the light path through said objective lens, means for moving said shutter member from said path, and a device for actuating said fourth named means, all of said devices being grouped for consaid supporting members, an objective lens carried by another of said supporting members, and means for moving one of said supporting members to focusing position, said means comprising speed-changing mechanism operative to move said last named supporting member either at high speed or low speed, said means and said speed-changing mechanism being disposed in said dark room.

7. In a camera arrangement of the character described, a camera having one end thereof extending into a dark room, a plurality of supporting members, a copy board carried by one of said supporting members, an objective lens car- 'ried by another of said supporting members,

means for moving one of said supporting members to focusing position, said means comprising speed-changing mechanism operative to move said last named supporting member either at high speed or low speed, and means comprising a counter mechanism for indicating the position of said one supporting member, said first named means, said speed-changing mechanism and said counter mechanism being disposed in said dark room.

8. In a camera, a copy board, an objective lens, means for moving said copy board with respect to said objective lens, a device for actuating said first named means, means for moving said objective lens with respect to said copy board, a device for actuating said second named means, shutters associated with said objective lens to form a. diaphragm opening, means for moving said shutters, a device for actuating said third named means, a pointer and a cooperative chart, means whereby said last named device moves said pointer with respect to said chart, a light source for illuminating an object on said copy board, means for energizing said light source, and a device for actuating said fourth named means, all of said devices being grouped for convenient operation at the end of the camera adapted to receive a sensitized member.

9. In a camera, a. copy board, an objective lens, means for moving said copy board with respect to said objective lens, a device for actuating said first named means, means for moving said objective lens with respect to said copy board, a device,

for actuating said second named means, shutters associated with said objective lens to form a dia phragm opening, means for moving said shutters, a device for actuating said third named means, a

pointer and a cooperative chart having a plu-.

member.

10. In a camera, a copy board, an objective lens, means for moving said copy board with respect to said objectlvelens, a. device for actuat g lens, means for 10 light source adapted to be energized to illuminate an object on said copy board, a shutter member for obstructing the light path through said objective lens, means for moving said shutter member from said path, and a device for actuating said fourth named means, all of said devices, said pointer and said chart being grouped for convenient operation at the end of the camera adapted to receive a sensitized member.

11. In a camera, a copy board, an objective ving said copy board with respect to said objective lens, a device for actuating said first named means, means for moving said objective lens with respect to said copy board, a device for actuating said second named lmeans, shutters associated with said objective lens to form a diaphragm opening, means for moving said shutters, a device for actuating said third named means, a pointer and a cooperative chart having a plurality of different scales thereon, means whereby said last named device moves said pointer with respect to said chart in correspondence with movement of said shutters, a light source adapted to be energized to illuminate an object on said copy board, a shutter member for obstructing the light path through for convenient operation in a. dark room at the end of the camera adapted to receive a sensitized member.

v1, 12. In a camera, a copy board, an objective lens, means for moving said copy board with respect to said objective, lens, a device for actuating said first named means, means for moving said objective lens with respect to said copy board, a device for actuating said second named means, shutters associated with said objective lens to form a diaphragm opening, means for moving said shutters, a device for actuating said third named means, a pointer and a cooperative chart having a plurality of diflerent scales thereon, means whereby said last named device moves said pointer with respect to said chart in correspondence with movement of said shutters, a light source for illuminating an object on said copy board, a shutter member for obstructing the light path through said objective lens, means for C9 moving said shutter member from said path and for simultaneously energizing said light source, and a device for actuating said fourth named means, all of said devices, said pointer and said chart being grouped for convenient operationin a dark room at the end of the camera adapted to receive a sensitized member.

- MICHAEL ANNICK. 

